This file is for use with mrtg-2.5.3
Note:
-
Keywords must start at the beginning of a line.
-
Lines which follow a keyword line which do start with a blank are appended
to the keyword line
-
Empty Lines are ignored
-
Lines starting with a # sign are comments.
Workdir specifies where the logfiles and the webpages should be created.
Example:
WorkDir: /usr/tardis/pub/www/stats/mrtg
How many seconds apart should the browser (Netscape) be instructed to
reload the page? If this is not defined, the default is 300 seconds (5
minutes).
Example:
Refresh: 600
How often do you call mrtg? The default is 5 minutes. If you call it less
often, you should specify it here. This does two things:
-
the generated HTML page does contain the right information about the
calling interval ...
-
a META header in the generated HTML page will instruct caches about the
time to live of this page .....
In this example we tell mrtg that we will be calling it every 10 minutes.
If you are calling mrtg every 5 minutes, you can leave this line commented
out.
Example:
Interval: 10
With this switch mrtg will generate .meta files for CERN and Apache servers
which contain Expiration tags for the html and gif files. The *.meta files
will be created in the same directory as the other files, so you might have
to set ``MetaDir .'' in your srm.conf file for this to work
NOTE: If you are running Apache-1.2 you can use the mod_expire to achieve
the same effect ... see the file htaccess-dist
Example:
WriteExpires: Yes
If you want to keep the mrtg icons in some place other than the working
directory, use the IconDir variable to give its url.
Example:
IconDir: /mrtgicons/
The configuration keywords Target must be followed by a unique name. This will also be the name used for the
webpages, logfiles and gifs created for that target.
Note that the Target sections can be auto-generated with the cfgmaker tool. Check readme.html for instructions.
With the Target keyword you tell mrtg what it should monitor. The Target keyword takes arguments in a wide range of formats:
-
The most basic format is ``port:community@router'' This will generate a
traffic graph for the interface 'port' of the host 'router' (dns name or IP
address) and it will use the community 'community' (snmp password) for the
snmp query.
Example:
Target[ezwf]: 2:public@wellfleet-fddi.ethz.ch
-
Sometimes you are sitting on the wrong side of the link, and you would like
to have mrtg report Incoming traffic as outgoing and vice versa. This can
be achieved by adding the '-' sign in front of the ``Target'' description.
It flips the incoming and outgoing traffic rates.
Example:
Target[ezci]: -1:public@ezci-ether.ethz.ch
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You can also explicitly define the OID to query by using the following
syntax 'OID_1&OID_2:community@router' The following example will
retrieve error counts for input and output on interface 1. MRTG needs to
graph two variables, so you need to specify two OID's such as temperature
and humidity or error input and error output.
Example:
Target[ezwf]: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.14.1&1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.20.1:public@myrouter
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MRTG knows a number of symbolical SNMP variable names. See the file
mibhelp.txt for a list of known names. One example are the ifInErrors and
ifOutErrors. This means you can specify the above as:
Example:
Target[ezwf]: ifInErrors.1&ifOutErrors.1:public@myrouter
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In all places where ``community@router'' is accepted, you can add
additional parameters for the SNMP communication using colon-separated
suffixes. The full syntax is as follows:
community@router[:port[:timeout[:retries[:backoff]]]]
where the meaning of each parameter is as follows:
- port
-
the UDP port under which to contact the SNMP agent (default: 161)
- timeout
-
initial timeout for SNMP queries, in seconds (default: 2.0)
- retries
-
number of times a timed-out request will be retried (default: 5)
- backoff
-
factor by which the timeout is multiplied on every retry (default: 1.0).
A value that equals the default value can be omitted. Trailing colons can
be omitted, too.
Example:
Target[ezci]: 1:public@ezci-ether.ethz.ch:9161::4
This would refer to the input/output octet counters for the interface with ifIndex 1 on ezci-ether.ethz.ch, as known by the SNMP agent listening on UDP port 9161. The standard
initial timeout (2.0 seconds) is used, but the number of retries is set to
four. The backoff value is the default.
-
if you want to monitor something which does not provide data via snmp you
can use some external program to do the data gathering.
The external command must return 4 lines of output:
- Line 1
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current state of the first variable, normally 'incoming bytes count'
- Line 2
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current state of the second variable, normally 'outgoing bytes count'
- Line 3
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string (in any human readable format), telling the uptime of the target.
- Line 4
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string, telling the name of the target.
Depending on the type of data your script returns you might want to use the
'gauge' or 'absolute' arguments for the Options keyword.
Example:
Target[ezwf]: `/usr/local/bin/df2mrtg /dev/dsk/c0t2d0s0`
Note the use of the backticks (`), not apostrophes (') around the command.
-
You can also use several statements in a mathematical expression. This
could be used to aggregate both B channels in an ISDN connection or
multiple T1s that are aggregated into a single channel for greater
bandwidth. Note the whitespace arround the target definitions.
Example:
Target[ezwf]: 2:public@wellfleetA + 1:public@wellfleetA
* 4:public@ciscoF
In cases where you calculate the used bandwidth from several interfaces you
normaly don't get the router uptime and router name displayed on the web
page.
If these interfaces are on the same router and the uptime and name should
be displayed nevertheless you have to specify its community and address
again with the RouterUptime keyword.
Example:
Target[kacisco.comp.edu]: 1:public@194.64.66.250 + 2:public@194.64.66.250
RouterUptime[kacisco.comp.edu]: public@194.64.66.250
The maximum value either of the two variables monitored are allowed to
reach. For monitoring router traffic this is normally specified in bytes
per second this interface port can carry.
If a number higher than MaxBytes is returned, it is ignored. Also read the section on AbsMax for further info. The MaxBytes value is also used in calculating the Y range for unscaled graphs (see the
section on Unscaled).
Since most links are rated in bits per second, you need to divide their
maximum bandwidth (in bits) by eight (8) in order to get bytes per second.
This is very important to make your unscaled graphs display realistic
information. T1 = 193000, 56K = 7000, Ethernet = 1250000. The MaxBytes
value will be used by mrtg to decide whether it got a valid response from
the router.
Example:
MaxBytes[ezwf]: 1250000
Title for the HTML page which gets generated for the graph.
Example:
Title[ezwf]: Traffic Analysis for Our Nice Company
Things to add to the top of the generated HTML page. Note that you can have
several lines of text as long as the first column is empty.
Note that the continuation lines will all end up on the same line in the
html page. If you want linebreaks in the generated html use the '\n'
sequence.
Example:
PageTop[ezwf]: <H1>Traffic Analysis for ETZ C95.1</H1>
Our Campus Backbone runs over an FDDI line\n
with a maximum transfer rate of 12.5 megabytes per
Second.
Use this tag like the PageTop header, but its contents will be added between </TITLE> and
</HEAD>.
Example:
AddHead[ezwf]: <link rev="made" href="mailto:mrtg@blabla.edu";>
If you are monitoring a link which can handle more traffic than the MaxBytes value. Eg, a line which uses compression or some frame relay link, you can
use the AbsMax keyword to give the absolute maximum value ever to be reached. We need to
know this in order to sort out unrealistic values returned by the routers.
If you do not set AbsMax, rateup will ignore values higher then MaxBytes.
Example:
AbsMax[ezwf]: 2500000
By default each graph is scaled vertically to make the actual data visible
even when it is much lower than
MaxBytes. With the Unscaled variable you can suppress this. It's argument is a string, containing one
letter for each graph you don't want to be scaled: d=day w=week m=month
y=year. In the example scaling for the yearly and the monthly graph are
suppressed.
Example:
Unscaled[ezwf]: ym
By default the graphs only contain the average values of the monitored
variables - normally the transfer rates for incoming and outgoing traffic.
The following option instructs mrtg to display the peak 5 minute values in
the [w]eekly, [m]onthly and [y]early graph. In the example we define the
monthly and the yearly graph to contain peak as well as average values.
Examples:
WithPeak[ezwf]: ym
By default mrtg produces 4 graphs. With this option you can suppress the
generation of selected graphs. The option value syntax is analogous to the
above two options. In this example we suppress the yearly graph as it is
quite empty in the beginning.
Example:
Suppress[ezwf]: y
By default, mrtg puts all the files that it generates for each target (the
GIFs, the HTML page, the log file, etc.) in WorkDir.
If the Directory option is specified, the files are instead put into a directory under WorkDir. (For example the Directory
option below would cause all the files for a target ezwf to be put into
directory /usr/tardis/pub/www/stats/mrtg/ezwf/ .)
The directory must already exist; mrtg will not create it.
Example:
WorkDir: /usr/tardis/pub/www/stats/mrtg
Directory[ezwf]: ezwf
By default mrtgs graphs are 100 by 400 pixels wide (plus some more for the
labels. In the example we get almost square graphs ...
Note: XSize must be between 20 and 600; YSize must be larger than 20
Example:
XSize[ezwf]: 300
YSize[ezwf]: 300
If you want your graphs to have larger pixels, you can ``Zoom'' them.
Example:
XZoom[ezwf]: 2.0
YZoom[ezwf]: 2.0
If you want your graphs to be actually scaled use XScale
and YScale. (Beware while this works, the results look ugly (to be frank) so if
someone wants to fix this: patches are welcome.
Example:
XScale[ezwf]: 1.5
YScale[ezwf]: 1.5
Change the default step from 5 * 60 seconds to something else (I have not
tested this well ...)
Example:
Step[ezwf]: 60
The Options Keyword allows you to set some boolean switches:
- growright
-
The graph grows to the left by default. This option flips the direction of
growth causing the current time to be at the right edge of the graph and
the history values to the left of it.
- bits
-
All the monitored variable values are multiplied by 8 (i.e. shown in bits
instead of bytes) ... looks much more impressive :-) It also affects the
'factory default' labeling and units for the given target.
- noinfo
-
Suppress the information about uptime and device name in the generated
webpage.
- nopercent
-
Don't print usage percentages
- gauge
-
Treat the values gathered from target as absolute and not as ever
incrementing counters. This would be useful to monitor things like disk
space, processor load, temperature, and the like ...
In the absence of 'gauge' and 'absolute' options, MRTG treats variable as a
counter and calculates the difference between the current and the previous
value and divides that by the elapsed time between the last two readings to
get the value to be plotted.
- absolute
-
This is for data sources which reset their value when they are read. This
means that rateup has not to build the difference between this and the last
value read from the data source. The value obtained is still divided by the
elapsed time between the last two readings, which makes it different from
the 'gauge' option. Useful for external data gatherers.
Example:
Options[ezwf]: growright, bits
The Colours tag allows you to override the default colour scheme. Note: All 4 of the
required colours must be specified here. The colour name ('Colourx' below)
is the legend name displayed, while the RGB value is the real colour used
for the display, both on the graph and in the html doc.
Format is: Colour1#RRGGBB,Colour2#RRGGBB,Colour3#RRGGBB,Colour4#RRGGBB
- Colour1
-
First variable (normally Input) on default graph
- Colour2
-
Second variable (normally Output) on default graph
- Colour3
-
Max first variable (input)
- Colour4
-
Max second variable (output)
- RRGGBB
-
2 digit hex values for Red, Green and Blue
Example:
Colours[ezwf]: GREEN#00eb0c,BLUE#1000ff,DARK GREEN#006600,VIOLET#ff00ff
With the Background tag you can configure the background colour of the generated HTML page
Example:
Background[ezwf]: #a0a0a0a
The following keywords allow you to override the text displayed for the
various legends of the graph and in the HTML document
- YLegend
-
The Y-axis label of the graph. Note that a text which is too long to fit in
the graph will be silently ignored.
- ShortLegend
-
The units string (default 'b/s') used for Max, Average and Current
- Legend[1234IO]
-
The strings for the colour legend
Example:
YLegend[ezwf]: Bits per Second
ShortLegend[ezwf]: b/s
Legend1[ezwf]: Incoming Traffic in Bits per Second
Legend2[ezwf]: Outgoing Traffic in Bits per Second
Legend3[ezwf]: Maximal 5 Minute Incoming Traffic
Legend4[ezwf]: Maximal 5 Minute Outgoing Traffic
LegendI[ezwf]: In:
LegendO[ezwf]: Out:
Note, if LegendI or LegendO are set to an empty string with
LegendO[ezwf]:
The corresponding line below the graph will not be printed at all.
If you live in an international world, you might want to generate the
graphs in different timezones. This is set in the TZ variable. Under
certain operating systems like Solaris, this will provoke the localtime
call to give the time in the selected timezone ...
Example:
Timezone[ezwf]: Japan
The Timezone is the standard Solaris timezone, ie Japan, Hongkong, GMT,
GMT+1 etc etc.
By default, mrtg (actually rateup) uses the strftime(3) '%W'
option to format week numbers in the monthly graphs. The exact semantics of
this format option vary between systems. If you find that the week numbers
are wrong, and your system's strftime(3) routine supports it,
you can try another format option. The POSIX '%V' option seems to
correspond to a widely used week numbering convention. The week format
character should be specified as a single letter; either W, V, or U.
Example:
Weekformat[ezwf]: V
To save yourself some typing you can define a target called '^'. The text
of every Keyword you define for this target will be PREPENDED to the
corresponding Keyword of all the targets defined below this line. The same
goes for a Target called '$' but its text will be APPENDED.
Note that a space is inserted between the prepended text and the Keyword
value, as well as between the Keyword value and the appended text. This
works well for text-valued Keywords, but is not very useful for other
Keywords. See the ``default'' target description below.
The example will make mrtg use a common header and a common contact person
in all the pages generated from targets defined later in this file.
Example:
PageTop[^]: <H1>NoWhere Unis Traffic Stats</H1><HR>
PageTop[$]: Contact Peter Norton if you have any questions<HR>
To remove the prepend/append value, specify an empty value, e.g.:
PageTop[^]:
PageTop[$]:
The target name '_' specifies a default value for that Keyword. In the
absence of explicit Keyword value, the prepended and the appended keyword
value, the default value will be used.
Example:
YSize[_]: 150
Options[_]: growright,bits,nopercent
WithPeak[_]: ymw
Suppress[_]: y
MaxBytes[_]: 1250000
To remove the default value and return to the 'factory default', specify an
empty value, e.g.:
YLegend[_]:
There can be several instances of setting the default/prepend/append values
in the configuration file. The later setting replaces the previous one for
the rest of the configuration file. The default/prepend/append values used
for a given keyword/target pair are the ones that were in effect at the
point in the configuration file where the target was mentioned for the
first time.
Example:
MaxBytes[_]: 1250000
Target[myrouter.somplace.edu.2]: 2:public@myrouter.somplace.edu
MaxBytes[_]: 8000
Title[myrouter.somplace.edu.2]: Traffic Analysis for myrouter.somplace.edu IF 2
The default MaxBytes for the target myrouter.somplace.edu.2 in the above example will be
1250000, which was in effect where the target name myrouter.somplace.edu.2
first appeared in the config file.
WorkDir: /usr/tardis/pub/www/stats/mrtg
Target[r1]: 2:public@myrouter.somplace.edu
MaxBytes[r1]: 64000
Title[r1]: Traffic Analysis ISDN
PageTop[r1]: <H1>Stats for our ISDN Line</H1>
WorkDir: /usr/tardis/pub/www/stats/mrtg
Title[^]: Traffic Analysis for
PageTop[^]: <H1>Stats for
PageTop[$]: Contact The Chief if you notice anybody<HR>
MaxBytes[_]: 64000
Options[_]: growright
Title[isdn]: our ISDN Line
PageTop[isdn]: our ISDN Line</H1>
Target[isdn]: 2:public@router.somplace.edu
Title[backb]: our Campus Backbone
PageTop[backb]: our Campus Backbone</H1>
Target[backb]: 1:public@router.somplace.edu
MaxBytes[backb]: 1250000
# the following line removes the default prepend value
# defined above
Title[^]:
Title[isdn2]: Traffic for the Backup ISDN Line
PageTop[isdn2]: our ISDN Line</H1>
Target[isdn2]: 3:public@router.somplace.edu
